Which of the following best explains why life expectancy increased in less-developed countries? A. Widespread industrialization B. Access to high-tech hospitals C. Improvements in sanitation and basic health care

A country with a rapidly aging population is most likely to adopt which policy? A. Pro-natalist incentives B. Anti-natalist campaigns C. Expansion of youth education services D. Reduction in immigration E. Laws limiting retirement age

Which demographic trend is associated with aging populations? A. Increased crude birth rates B. A rising dependency ratio C. A higher proportion of the population in the workforce D. Rapid natural increase E. Decreased life expectancy

Which region today has the highest percentage of elderly population? A. Sub-Saharan Africa B. South Asia C. Western Europe D. Central America E. Middle East

Which of the following is an economic effect of aging populations? A. Larger labor force B. Higher fertility rates C. Increased government spending on pensions and healthcare D. Decreased need for elder care

Family planning access lowers unintended pregnancies and reduces TFR. ✔️ True / ❌ False

A decreasing crude birth rate will eventually lead to which of the following demographic outcomes? A. Increased natural increase rate B. Decreased life expectancy C. Smaller future workforce D. Larger youth dependency E. Higher infant mort

Increasing life expectancy is one of the primary causes of aging populations. ✔️ True / ❌ False

A declining Total Fertility Rate typically causes the average age of a population to decrease. ✔️ True / ❌ False

Industrialization generally leads to higher fertility rates. ✔️ True / ❌ False

Which of the following is an example of a cultural factor influencing fertility? A. Increased urbanization B. Improved water treatment systems C. Expansion of women’s political representation D. Religious prohibitions on contraception