What kinds of challenges might a historian encounter in writing the biography of a person who lived a long time?
limited or biased sources, gaps in information, conflicting accounts, and difficulty verifying facts
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How were the hadiths collected?
Hadiths were collected through oral reports and written records, with scholars verifying authenticity using isnad (chains of transmission) before compiling them
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What evidence was used to distinguish a sound hadith from a false one?
Scholars used the isnad (chain of transmitters), the matn (text of the hadith), and the reliability of narrators
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Muhajirun
Meccan emigrants
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Muhaddithun
Early Hadith Specialists
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Ansar
Helpers (people of Medina)
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seesaw
Swap points!
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magnet
Take 20 points!
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shark
Other team loses 20 points!
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thief
Give points!
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Isnad
The chain of people who transmitted the hadith
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Two of the most important Hadith collections in Sunni Islam:
Sahih al-Bukhari (d.870) & Sahih al-Muslim (d. 875)
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Sira
Biography of the Prophet Muhammad
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Why did later Muslims need to use and rely on Hadith and Sira?
Qur’an contains teachings in general terms, and Hadith & Sira show how Prophet applied those teachings in daily life, providing practical examples and guidance
