Fossil organisms found in bottom (older) layers are more primitive than those in the upper (newer) layers; often times, these extinct fossils resembled modern l
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What are homologous structures? Describe an example
Homologous structures are physical structures that organisms from different species have in common. They are called HOMOlogous because they have the SAME struct
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How do we define a species?
A group of organisms capable of interbreeding (mating) and producing fertile offspring (their kids can have kids).
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What is the ultimate result of natural selection? (HINT: Your explanation should include the term “allele frequency”/It may act on phenotypes over time; however, think about what is it ultimately changing?)
The ultimate result of natural selection is that traits (alleles) that are NOT suited for the environment will die off, or the allele frequency will decrease. T
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What did Charles Darwin do and where did he do it?
He researched organisms on the Galapagos Islands. He is known for his studies of finch beak shape/size.
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Describe natural selection AND describe an example of natural selection
Natural selection is a process that occurs when: A population experiences overproduction of offspring. The members of the population have genetic variation. So
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15
Some adaptations can include camouflage and mimicry. State how each help an organisms survive below: Mimicry
the ability of an organism/species to look like a member of a different, usually poisonous species. This protects them from predators, who don’t want to eat som
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15
Describe what gene flow is. Give an example of gene flow occurring in a bird species.
The random movement of individuals between populations (of the same species) and it increases genetic variation
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What will happen to species when their environment suddenly changes due to natural disaster? How will that be reflected in the fossil layer (hint: think about the dinosaurs
A very small number of them will survive or the entire species will die off. There will be a distinct part of the fossil layer that has them, then they will dis
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Describe what the founder effect is.
When a small group, from a large population, of individuals establish a new population in a new location.
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GENETIC DRIFT
Random change in the allelic frequencies in a population that results from chance. Bottleneck effect: some natural disaster (like a volcano) kills the majority
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Who was Charles Darwin?
A 19th century naturalist (scientist who studies nature) who studied the differences found in species
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What do we mean by the “gene pool”?
The gene pool is all of the possible variations of a gene. For example: the gene pool for human hair is blonde, brown, black, red, and grey/white. There are sha
