where, as if, as though, in order that, so that

"after" and "before" contain precise information about the sequence of events and so we don’t need to rely on the tenses to provide this information.

The clause which contains the new or more important information generally comes second.

Finite clauses contain a verb which is in a recognisable tense form. Non-finite clauses are those in which the verb, if there is one, is in an -ing or infinitiv

As long as suggests that the duration of the event described lasted only for a particular period of time.

a group of words that can stand on its own. It usually contains at least a subject and a verb. This is sometimes called a ‘simple sentence’ or a ‘finite sentenc

When doesn't indicate the order in which things happened so we often need to use the past perfect in order to show that something happened before something else

1. While/Although I agree with you up to a point, I do think that there are other factors. 2. She won the prize, although no one thought she could do it.

I happened to catch your radio programme while [ ] driving home.

We leave the subject and the verb be (e.g. are, was, have been) out of adverbial clauses when the subject is the same as the subject of the main clause.

When the subordinate clause comes before the main clause, it is usually separated from the main clause by a comma.

Once generally suggests completion - the achievement of some kind of goal.

Once [ ] finally under way, the ship quickly made up for lost time.