Coil Wire Around Iron: Wrap insulated wire around an iron core (nail). Apply Current: Pass an electric current through the wire. The iron becomes temporarily ma

More turns of wire in the coil generally lead to a stronger electromagnet.

Iron, steel, nickel, cobalt

North and South

Iron and steel are both magnetic, but steel is generally stronger and more difficult to demagnetize.

Magnetize a needle and allow it to float freely on water or suspend it on a thread. The needle will align itself with Earth's magnetic field, pointing North-Sou

Magnetic force weakens significantly as the distance between magnets increases.

Pass a magnet over the mixture. Iron filings will be attracted to the magnet, leaving the sand behind.

Suspend Freely: Hang the magnet. The end pointing roughly north is the North pole. Use a Known Magnet: Approach the unknown magnet with a known North pole. Attr

Permanent: Retain their magnetic properties consistently (e.g., bar magnets, fridge magnets). Temporary: Exhibit magnetism only under specific conditions (e.g.,

Magnets have two poles. Unlike poles attract (North-South), like poles repel (North-North, South-South).