When something happens that's the opposite of what was expected or intended to happen.

A legend that embodies the beliefs of people and offers some explanation for natural and social phenomena. Example: The Greek Gods: Zeus, Aphrodite, Athena, Hercules…

Example: He’s a rock or I am an island.

The author’s definition of a word or the implied definition of a word

The teams competed in a David and Goliath struggle.

When the audience is aware of the true intentions or outcomes, while the characters are not. As a result, certain actions and/or events take on different meanings for the audience than they do for the characters involved.

Ping, Ring, Buzz

a unit of two lines of poetry, especially lines that use the same or similar meter, form a rhyme, or are separated from other lines by a double line break

When someone says something but means the opposite (similar to sarcasm).

A major character who opposes the main character in a story or play.

denotation

A long poem narrating the adventures of a heroic figure. (The Odyssey or Gilgamesh)